People

Francisco Pizarro

Conquered Inca Empire

Early Modern influential

96

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Faust, German literature

Early Modern influential

95

Vasco da Gama

Sea route to India

Early Modern influential

94

Voltaire

Enlightenment philosopher

Early Modern influential

93

Marie Antoinette

French queen, executed

Early Modern influential

91

Isaac Newton

Laws of motion and gravity

Early Modern influential

89

Leonardo da Vinci

Polymath, artist, inventor, scientist

Early Modern influential

87

Simon Bolivar

Liberator of South America

Early Modern influential

87

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Unified Japan, Tokugawa shogunate

Early Modern influential

87

Adam Smith

Wealth of Nations, capitalism

Early Modern influential

86

Edmund Burke

Conservatism founder

Early Modern influential

86

Immanuel Kant

Critique of Pure Reason

Early Modern influential

83

Galileo Galilei

Father of modern observational astronomy

Early Modern influential

81

Christopher Columbus

Sailed to the Americas

Early Modern influential

75

Philip II of Spain

Spanish Empire ruler

Early Modern influential

70

Antoine Lavoisier

Father of modern chemistry

Early Modern influential

64

Edward Jenner

Smallpox vaccine

Early Modern influential

61

Frederick the Great

Prussian king

Early Modern influential

61

Rembrandt

Dutch Golden Age painter

Early Modern influential

56

Johannes Kepler

Laws of planetary motion

Early Modern influential

54